Concrete-mold.



A. I. ENGLI'SH.

CONCRETE MOLD.

APPLICATION HLED IAN-2.1908. RENU'IEU MAY :4, 19:8.

1 271,874, Patented July 9,1918.

1 2 SHEETS:SHEET 1. JG

2 SHEETS SHEE[ 2.

Patented July A. I. ENGLISH. CONCRETE MOLD.

nrucmon men mm. 1908. RENEWED MAY 14. ms.

514 uc 11 (oz JAM/d1 q/Vi tmaaeo after having been adjusted to ARTHUR I. ENGLISH, OF NEWTON CENTER, T0 BENJAMIN A. HOW

PATENT OFFICE.

MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OI" TWO-THIRDS E 01? NEW YORK, N. Y

CONCRETE-MOLD.

Application filed January 2, 1908,

,7?) 111/ whom it may concern.

li it known that I, Au'rnnu I. ENGLISH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newton ('cnter, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have inyented certain new and useful Improvements in (oncrote-ltlolds, of which the following is a specification.

While the invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with the construction of concrete buildings, it may have applicaher structures to which the invention is applicable, both as regards the material of which the molds are constructed and the labor required.

Specific objects of the invention are,

1rst,-t e provision of a skeleton frame which conforms to the main lines of the be constructed, this frame being set up plumb and true so that the sections forming the retaining walls for the plastic material may be laid up against the frame, thus doing away with the necessity of plumbing and alining each the walls as it is placed of concrete and ot owning a floor ma y be sup ported upon'this frame and the floor con struction can he carried on at the same time that the side walls of the building are being erected.

Second,to permit the use of random lumber, planed or unplaned and without previous preparation.

permitting be separately removed whereby after the casting of the lower portions of the plastic material the sections of those portions of the wall may be removed therefrom and reused higher up.

Fourth,-t e provision of drive-n fastenings for securing the sections forming the retaining walls whereby the said sections position may accurately fixed in their adbe securely and by driving home the fasten.

justed positions Specification of Letters Patent. Se ial No. 408,928.

Patented July 9, 1918. Renewed May 14, 1818. Serial No. 234,534.

ings, no nuts or screw threads being necessary.

Other and ancillary objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

he invention can be best explained in connection with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate it. and of which,

Figure- 1 is a side elevation of a wall mold for the construction of a concrete building, the concrete walls being partially constructsome of the parts of the mold being roken away;

Fig. 2 is a combination, view taken on the line Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and ferent forms of means for porting various portions of the mold hereinafter appear;

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through a portion of the mold for a concrete building showing a modified construction of corner mold, this view being taken on the line 9- 9 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 10 is a side elevation, looking in the direction of the arrow, of the structune shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9 showing still anotherconstruction of mold for a corner; and,

ig. 12 is a vertical transverse section of a side wall of a building showing the manplan and sectional -2 of Fig. 1:

are views of difsecuring and supas will Referring to the drawings, a skeleton frame for the first story of the building, and which conforms to the main lines of the building, comprises uprights which may consist of the corner posts 1, 2 and 3, etc, corner of the building to be will be seen from he uprights are seby means of horizontal beams 9, etc, which extend between the uprights and serve to bind the Whole into a. stable frame. In addition to these beams girder boxes as 10 may extend from one side of the frame to the other and other beams may be suitably placed to support the flooring or for other purposes as required. Of course where girder or pier boxes are not necessary, this being determined by the judgment of the architect, one or both may b omitted. The girder boxes open at their ends, as shown. into the pier boxes, so that in the concrete structure the piers are directly beneath the. girders. The frame will usually be formed of wood but may be constructcd of anyother suitable material.

Against the uprights of the frame are laid the sections or plates which constitute the inside retaining walls for the concrete fornr ing the. side walls of the building. The sections are usually wooden planks of the com mon rectangular cross section and no special preparation Qfthem required such as providlng holes for'dowel pins. or tongues. or grooves or other special formation for so curing or alining the sections. These planks are laid up edge to edge against the skeleton frame; thus one retaining wall is formed of the planks 11, another of the planks 12, another of the planks 13, &c. The uprights of the skeleton frame furnish guides for the retaining wall sections and, the frame having been erected plmnb and true, this guiding of the planks by the frame will result in the formation of true concrete walls without the necessity of plumbing and truing the. di'd'crent sections of the retaining walls as they are laid up.

In the structure shown, the lanks forming the retaining walls are lai against the cleats as 14 and 15 which are secured to the outside of the pier boxes and similar cleats 14 ,and 15 secured to the osts. These cleats are virtually parts of tie boxes and posts to which they are respectively secured.

and are so located as to bring the planks substantially flush with the pier box edges and the faces of the posts respectively, as shown. In order that the planks may be prevented from bulging under the pressure of the concrete or from other causes, buttons 16 are secured to the outer sides of the planks that is, on the sides opposite those against which the concrete bears, and these buttons project beyond the u )per edges of the plan is so as to overlap the outer sides of the lower edges of the planks above.

In order to prevent the planks from bulging out of alinement horizontally, cleats as 17 are,employed where the ends of two planks abut, the cleats being secured to the outside of one of the two abutting lanks and extending beyond the edge thereo so as to overlap the end of the other abutting plank.

.At a suitable distance from the frame just described, are arranged uprights as 18 and 19, which in this case are corner posts and against which are laid the planks or sections forming the outside retaining walls which are opposed to the inside retaining walls for the concrete, the latter walls being laid up against the skeleton frame as before described. Buttress boxes as 19' and 20 may be provided' where necessary or desirable, and may to a certain extent act as guides for the sections forming the outer walls. Cleats as :51 and 22 may be secured to the outside of the buttress boxes. these --clcats being similar to the cleats as H and 15 upon the pier boxes and H and 15 upon the corner posts, The planks forming the retaining walls bear against the cleats 21 and 2'. ill a similar manner to that in which the planks bear against the cleats l4 and 15. 14' andlfi'.

At each of the corner posts, as 19. the planks a 23 forming one of the retaining walls overlap the post while the planks 24. forming a retaining wall extending at .an angle to the last. abut against the side of the post and are held substantially flltr-ll with the inside surface thereof b means of a cleat as 25.

Each of the outside uprights may be sccured in position by a means 26 comprising a rod and driven fastenings at the ends thereof. the fastenings at one end luring driven into the end of one of the outside.

uprights while the fastening at the other end of the rod is driven into the end of an inside upright.

A means .27. similar to the means 26. may be employed for spacing and securing the sections of'the opposing retaining walls in proper position. the driven fastenings at the ends of the rods in each of the means 27 being driven into the edges of oppositely located planks or sections in the outside and inside.retaining walls. The means 26 and 27 will be referred to more specifically hereinafter.

Rods as 28, having driven fastenings at their ends, may be employed for securing the planks of the retaining walls to the pier boxes and similar bars as 29 may also be employed for securing the planks to the buttress boxes.

Whenever it is desired to form an opening, such as a door or window, in the con crete wall, a frame 30 may be placed hetween the inner and outer retaining walls. the continuity of these walls not being interrupted, they extending across the opening. The frame however will serve to keep the concrete. out of the opening which will appear in the concrete wall when the retaining walls are removed.

To the sides of the girder boxes, which in this case serve as horizontal beams in the frame work, cleats as 31 and 32 are secured and against these cleats are laid the concrete floor retaining planks 33 which planks are supported by the horizontal beams of ill) the skeleton frame which in turn are supported by the uprights of thatv frame,

Blocks as 34 are placed beneath the lowest planks of the retaining walls for a purpose as will hereinafter appear.

To describe more specificalli the itlttllll; hereinbefore referred to by the referengc .oth r by any desired angle.

numeralsilfi and 27, refere ce is made to Fig. 8 which shows an en urged view of such means. Fig. 8 shows a metal rod ha rin}, its ends 3.) and 36 bent at angles to the main portion of the rod and upon thc same side of the axis thereof and lyinp in thc same plane. Tllcw ends may he shar n-nud as shown and are driven after the manner of a nail, which form of fastening is known in mechanics as a driven fastening.

The securing means referred to may take the form as .\llU\\'lt in Fig. 8 or it may have a kink su h as the lo p l? in Fig. (i or the kink may he simply a hcnd 38 as shown in lfligz. 7. this irregularity or kink hcinp, for a purpose as will he hereinafter referred to. 'here it is desired to secure the ends of the rod to surfaces lying in ditl'crent planes, the. driven fagtenings at the ends of the rod may be uuidelW-lic in difi'ercnt planes as shown in l ig. 4 in which the fastcnings 3t) and 40 lie in planes at tit) with each other. instead of lying in the same plane as dojhe fastenings 35 and 36 in Fig. 8. The serurint means 2h and 281 (see Fig. 2 are like that shown in Fig. 4. Of course the fastenlllgs may lie in planes (littering from each In Fig. 5 the liar is shown as having driven fastcuings at its ends extending on both sides of its axis.

This is for use where it is desired that the ends of the bar shall be secured to the sections upon both sides of it.

The manner of use of the improved molds hercinlu-fore describet'l may now be set forth.

The skeleton frame consisting of the uprights and horizontal beams, within which may he included the pier or girder boxes where necessary or desirable, as before described. is first placed in position. plumb and true. To the uprights and horizontal heutns or girder boxes are secured the cleats, which are virtually a part of these uprights and hcaius. where necessary to provide hearings for thc planks of the retaining walls. The uprights for the outer retain ing walls art then secured in position. cleats being secured to them to provide the necessary bearing surfaces for the planks of the retaining! walls as before described. The lowest planks are then placed in position against the skeleton frame. The lowest planks ot' the opposing retaining wall are thcn placed in position against the outer upright and thc planks are then secured in position and spaced apart by means 27 (see Fig. 8}. the bent ends of the rods being drircn into the edges of planks in thc opposing walls. 'lhesc hottom planks rest upon block 44 asheforc referred to. The bottom coursiol' plank having been secured in position as lc ct'lhcil. the next course of planks is laid thereon and are positioned and se curediu thesainc manner as the bottom course of planks. In this manner the retaining walls can he carried up to any height. desired. l'sually this will he to a height approximately equal to that of the concrete wall which is to he cast in one day. t'nltt'll'lt cast on one day will usually he satlicicutly set by the next so that it will maintain its form when the retaining walls are removed. 'ith varying conditions. hou etcr. ditl'erent amounts of the retaining walls may he laid up at one time and may he taken down as the circiunstmiccs may dictate. This will be governed largely by the character of the plastic material clnplo \'ctl, the rapidity with which the work is carried on and other causes which will depend upon the circlunstam-es surrounding the particular huilding under construction 'and to which the molds herein described will he readily adaptcd by those skilled in the art.

The retaining walls having;' been laid up to the desired height, the concrete, herein indicated by the reference numeral 40', is placed within the retaining walls where it surrounds the securing and spacing means '27. It will he noted that the pier boxes open upon one side into the space between thc retaining, walls so that the piers and walls are cast together to form an integral structure. Similarly the buttress boxes open on one side into the space between the retaining walls and are cast integral with thc'walls of the ooncrete structure.

, The retaining walls never being at a much greater height than the concrete between them, and this height can be made any that is desired, it is easy to tamp and spade the concrete, reinforcement can be placed where wanted as the work progresses and it is unnecessary to cast the concrete from any great height 0 that the likelihood of separation of the lngledients and consequent honeycombed places in the walls are avoided.

The means 27 are preferably driven flush with the )lganks, as shown in Figs. 1, 10 and 12, so tluitijio space is formed between two adjacent sections of a retaining wall through which the (ioncrcte'could exude.

The concrete having been filled in between the retaining walls to the desired height, as for instance, to the middle of the top planks, the. bottom planks can be removed. and placed upon the top oourse of the planks. This procedure progresses until the interior retainin r walls reach the underside of the second oor line, or beam, or girder X and if. at the last, a space is left into which the usual planks will not fit, boards may be cut to till this space. The outside retaining wall may be carried up indefinitely without break by piling the planks one above the other as described.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 12, the means 27 extend. from between adjacent sections of The one retaining all. through the spec for the concrete and in between adjacent scc ions of the other wall. Each of the securin means 27 is t'astencd to the section upon all one side of it. by ha ring its cnds driven into the tops of thc planks adjacent to it. Thisholds the top from moving sidcwisc. The section upon the other side of the s :urinp, means 27 are unsecured against. this sidcwisc movcmcnt and may be moved outwardly. The cleats on the uprights arc lnadc in sections, whcrc ncccssary. so that the sections may be removed to permit the removal of thc planks.

The oncrete having been cast in the mold, the necessary clcat section or sections may be removed, whcn-thc bot-tom plank of the rctaining wall on each side maybe pulled outwardly to clear the blocks 34 and may then he movcd downwardly to discngage from the driven l'astcnings. The blocks 31 are prcf crably l'rom mic hall to thrce fourths of an inch in height and scrvc to prevent. the bottom plank from being jammed against the lioor by reason of swelling, or from other causes, and provide a clcarancc which facilitatcs a cess to the bottom of the plank so that it may be engaged to more it outwardly. Al'tcr the removal of a plank, those above it are supported by the ends of the anchors which project; bcneath them from the concrete amt may be removed in a similar way. The manner of thus removing a plank is clearly indicated in Fig. 12. It is to he observed that the cleats 17 are beveled at their ends to prevent binding between a plank which is being removed and the one above it.

The planks as 33 for the floor retaining walls are laid upon the horizontal beams or girder boxes, as before described, and the concrete 41 forming the lloorfor the second story is laid thereon and beveled off to the desired thickness. It is not. necessary that a complete retaining wall be laid from side to side of the frame but, in a manner analogous to that of the laying up of thd 'ide retaining walls, the floorwall may, b inning at one side, be laid toward the ot. ter side to any extent desired and. the concrete ha ing been cast upon the portion of the wall thus laid,

the plank at one end under the concrete mav be removed and placed at the other side of the planks. This procedure can be carried out until the wall has progressed from one side of the frameto the other and the con: crcte lloor completed. The cleats as 31 upon which the floor rests are divided into sections where necessary, similarly to thc clcat 25, so that by removing the ditl'erent sect ions thc ditl'ercnt planks-may be removed. The concrete forming the tioor is leveled off to the desired thickness and takes into the girder boxcs. the? upper sides of which are open (see Figs. 1 and 2) so that the concrete girders are cast integral with the floor. The concrete forming the side walls joins that forming the floor as shown clearly in Fig. 1 so that the side walls and floors form an integral structure.

It is to he observed that by the improved mold employed, it is not. necessary to wait. until the concrete side walls have reached the second story before the retaining wall for the lioor of that story can be laid. The re taming, walls for the liner may be laid upon the skeleton frame without regard to the condition of the side walls and the reinforce mcnt placed in position thereon. This simultaneous laying of the mold for the side walls and floors greatly expeditcs the work. By the time the tloors are reached with the concrete they are in condition for the concrete to be cast thereon and this casting of the concrete for the floor may evcn be begun before the side walls have rcachcd them.

To continue the structure higher than one story, after the floor of the second story has been laid a skeleton framc similar to that, used for the first, story is erected on the tloor oftho second story and the operations de scri ed repeated. The outside corner posts of the second story may be continuous with those of the first story or the sections corresponding to the different stories may be mounted one on the end of another as is shown clearly in the case of the first and sec- 0 d story outside corner posts 19 and 59. T lie frame and uprights for the second story having been erected as described, planks are laid up against them to form" the retaining wills in precise] the same manner as the retaining walls 0 the first story were placed. The bottom planks. of the inside retaining walls of the second story are supported by blocks 34' which rest upon the concrete floor of that story, these blocks being analogous to the blocks 34. As before stated, the outside retaining walls may be laid up continuously with those of the first story. The manipulation of the retaining wall planks is precisely the same in the case of the second story as in that of the first. The retaining wall for the third story floor isappported by the second story frame in a manner precisely analogous t6 that in which the retaining wall planks for the second stofy floor are supported by the first story frame. The con erete structure havin been carried up to the third story, a. thirr story frame may be erected thereon and another story added to the concrete structure. This process can he carried on for an indefinite period the buildingi rising to any height or number of stories desired.

It will have been observed that as the concrete walls are formed, the anchors for the retaining! wall sections will become embedded in the concrete and, upon the removal of the planks, their ends will project from the concrete as clearly shown in Figs.

1 and 12. These ends are to be cut off, the

uprights and also through remainders of the anchors remaining in the concrete. Of course, where desired, these projecting ends of the anchors, for the purpose of effecting attachments to the walls or for other purposes, ma be left on. In cutting otl' the ends of tlie anchors or in other ways, the form of anchor shown in Fl 8 might become loosened in the wall suti'iciently to push cit p astcring which may have been applied to one side of the wall before the cud ot the anchor upon the other side of the wall is cut off, or seepage of water or the penetration of moisture might be permitted. To avoid thcse disiulvantagcs, the forms of anchors shown in Figs. 0 and 7 are provided, the kink 37 or 38, as the case may be, serving to firmly secure the anchor within the wall.

The form of anchor shown in Fig. 5 may be economically used where it is desired to lay up thc cntirc retaining walls before removing the bottom planks. In such cases the walls should bc allowcd to hardcnso'that in bcnding the anchors and in takim down the planks the walls will not be cliip )ed. 'hcrc this t'ornl of anchor is used the uttons it; are unnecessary.

Thc Jnotlilicd corncr ccntcring shown in Figs. 9 and It) is intcndcd for use in co11- ncction with-work which is finely finished and in which the corners of the concrete structure must be absolutely true. In this modilicd construction the. inside corner u right is f rmed of a plurality of vertically extending planks tit) and 61 which are braced and sccurcd by the angular brackets 62. The outcr corncr u night is formed of vertically cxtcntling anks (i3, (i4, 65 and 66 which are bound togcthcr and to the inside uprights by means of thc battens (57 and 68, which are sccurcd together at the corner by an angle iron (it) which is secured bv la screws to thc battens and the bolts 70 and 71 with their surromuling sleeves 72 and 73. One of these bolts with its slccve is shown enlarged in Fig. This bolt has an elongated head 74 at one end and a screw thread 75 at the other end with which engages a nut 76". bolts pass through theyertical planks of the inner and outer shown. The bolts are so lo ated that the elongated heads are in proximity to the brackets 62 so that the bolts are ireventcd from turning while the sleeves as 2 and 73 abut against the insides of the uprights and serve to space them apart. The nuts are upon the outside of the walls as shown and, when tightened, securely bind the corner structure in place. At the edges of the uprights as described, and extending beyond the same', are cleats 75, 76. 77 and 78 against which the sections as 79, 80, 81 and 82 of the retaining walls are laid and these seetime are spaced apart by anchors as 83 and 84 which are recisely like the anchors 27 of Figs. 1' and 2, the la ing up of the sections, their securing and removal being accomp 'shed in precisely the samemanner as dcscri ed in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.

The modified corner centering which is shown in Fig. 11 comprises inside corner post. against which are laid the sections as 93 and 94 for forming inside retaining walls. These sections may be secured against the cleats 91 and 92 by meansof an anchor 95 which is precisely Figs. 1 and 2. In this construction of corner an outside corner upright is dispensed with, the outside retaining sections as 96 and 97 being properly spaced and secured by means of anchors as 98 and 99 which are precisely like the anchors 27 of Fi s. 1 and 2.

s shown, the sections of one outside retaining wall overlap the ends of sections forming an outside retaining wall running at an angle thereto, the overlapping sections carrying a cleat 100 which serves to guide the cnds of the abuttin planks of the adja cent outside wall. 'I e joint at the corner may be rendered secure by means of anchor as 101 which is precisely like, the anchors 98 and 99. In the construction just referred to, the planks are laid up and removed in a manner analogous to that described in conncction with Figs. 1 and 2. The corner mold la'st referred to may be used with advantage where the absolutely true and smooth formation of the corner is not of importance and a rougher finish is satisfactory. in accordance with the patent statutes, by what is considered its best application, it may have other embodiments, without dew parting from its spirit, and should not therefore be limited to the structure shown.

What I claim is,-

1. In a mold for plastic material, the ('Oll'lblliflfiOlFWl[3h a skeleton frame comprising pier and girder boxes opening into each other, of plates, forming a retaining wall for one side of the plastic material, laid against said frame, and a retaining wall for the other side of the plasti I mate-rial.-

2. In a mold for plastic material, the combination with a skeleton frame comprise ing pier boxes, of plates, forming a retaining wall for one side of the plastic material, laid against said frame, and a retaining wall for the other side of said plastic material.

3. In a mold for plastic material, the comhination with a skeleton frame comprising "girder boxes, of plates, forming a retaining wall for one side of the plastic material, laid against said frame, and a retaining wall for the other side of said plastic materia said girder boxes opening into the space between the retainer walls.

4. In a mold for plastic material, the combination with plates forming a retaining Wall for one side of the plastic material, uprights against which said sections are laid and which serve as guides therefor, a retaining wall for the other side of the. plastic material, and means for supporting said plates, each of said means extending from between tw'o adjacent plates and comprising a driven fastening securing said means to the plate upon one side of it, said means being unse cared to the plate upon the other side of it and said means extending into the spa e lictween the retaining walls.

5. In a mold for plastic material. the comhination with plates forming a retaining wall for one side of the plastie material, nprights against which said plates are laid and which serve as guides therefor. a .retaining wall for the other side of the plastie material. and means for supporting said plates, each of said means extending from between two adjarent plates and eompriailae a driven fastening securing said means to the section upon one side of it. said means being unse enred to the seetion upon the other side of it, and said means extending through the space between the lllttilllllfl walls and engaging with the other wall.

6. in a mold for plastic material, the comhinationwith an upright, of retaining walls for the plan-tie Material comprising separalely removable plates laid against said up right and forming the inner retaining walls for-the plastic material at a corner of the structure. the said retaining walls being at an angle with each other, a second upright. and separately removable plates forming the outer retaining'walls at the said corner laid against said second upright, the, walls formed by the plates against said second tipright being at wrangle, and the plates fol-nu ing one of the outer retaining walls overlapping said set-rind upright, the plates forming the other of said outer retaining \\'2ill\ abnttinp against said second upright.

T. lit a mold for plast ie material, the conibinalion with a plurality of plates forming a retaining wall upon one side, a retaining wall upon the other side, and means for supporting said plates extending from between adjacent plates into the space for the plastic material between said walls, each of said means engaging with a plate upon one side only to prevent its sidewise movement, the, plate upon the other side of said means being unrestrained in its sidewise movement by said means.

8. In a mold for plastic material, the combination with a retaining wall eontprising plates, of a second retaining wall comprising plates. and rods extending from between adjaeent plates of one wall through the space for the plastic material bet ween said walls and between adjacent plates'ol' the other wall. each of said rods engaging with the plate upon one side of it to prevent its sidewistmovement. the adiaeent plate upon the other side of the rod being unrestrained by said rod in its sidewise nmrement.

9. in a mold for plastic material, the combination with a retaining wall comprising dates, of a second retaining wall comprising plates, rods extending through the spare for the plastic material between the walls and engaging with said walls, cachet said rods having its end bent at an angle upon the same side of the axis of the rod and in the same plane, said bent ends forming driven fastenings, each of said rods extending between two adjacent plates of one wall and having one of its heat ends driven into the edge of one of said plates, its other end entering between adjacent sections of the other retaining wall and its other bent end beingdriren into the edge of one of the seetions thereof In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand, in presence of two witnesses, this it day of December, 1907.

ARTHUR l. ENGLISH. \Vitneagt" Rlcnaausos,

Curr M. Born. 7 r 

